Degree Confluence project - a primer

The Degree Confluence project is an all-volunteer web-based project which aims to have people visit each of the integer degree intersections of latitude and longitude on Earth, posting photographs and a narrative of each visit online. The project describes itself as "an organized sampling of the world".

The official website states: "The goal of the project is to visit each of the latitude and longitude integer degree intersections in the world, and to take pictures at each location. The pictures, and stories about the visits, will then be posted here."

The degree confluence project was started by Alex Jarrett in February 1996. The country-wise confluence points and their visit information are available on the website. Also lots of cool facts available regarding most visits, highest visits, etc.

[Image above shows the confluence points in Bhutan: 27N89E, 27N90E, 27N91E, 27N92E and 28N90E]

We first heard of the confluence project when our scholarly former CTO and quizmaster posted this as a double jeopardy question during an intra-organization quiz contest sometime in late 2011. Ever since then me and a couple of like minded friends were keen on to visit a confluence point. 

The "thrill" factor being arming ourselves with GPS receivers and wandering off to locate the integer intersections akin to making our very own discovery of a new land, place, people and culture.

Gubbu gang being Gubbu gang, under the tutelage of Gubbu, planned to make our first confluence visit in Maharashtra during August 2012. The usual suspects: Omkar, Vishal, Sourabh and me did manage a very successful visit of not one, not two but three confluence visits in our very first attempt.

We made several confluence visits:

• Maharashtra IN, 2012
• Madhya Pradesh IN, 2014
• Gujarat IN, 2016
• Maharashtra IN, 2017 

I will be writing up more details of each visit soon.

Mumbai - MCGM and municipal elections

        With Mumbai municipal elections round the corner I set out wrapping my head around what, how, when, why questions about the Municipal corporation that I had.

I am going to write the same in Q&A format.

Q. What is the MCGM?
A. Originally known as the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), now known as Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is the civic body that governs the city of Mumbai established under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888. It is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and suburbs of Mumbai. Greater Mumbai as Mumbai is made of two districts - Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban district. 

Q. What are the roles and responsibilities of the municipal corporation?
A.

• The Municipal Corporation is responsible for the creation and maintenance of roads and flyovers, including the cleaning and lighting of roadways.
• It is supposed to maintain sanitation and health; in this connection it manages hospitals, garbage collection and disposal, the sewerage, and the water supply. As part of its duties related to public health, it is responsible for the prevention of epidemics. The BMC must register births and deaths, and holds authority over all crematoria and cemeteries in the city. 
• It is the office of record for urban property and is also responsible for setting up and enforcing building norms. 
• Its duties include the maintenance of parks and public spaces, including beaches, and the provision of coastal safety in the form of lifeguards at beaches and lighthouse maintenance staff.
• The jurisdiction of the BMC runs over the full island city: from Colaba in the south to Mulund and Dahisar in the north. It maintains toll stations (check nakas) at these two northern entry points to the city.

Q. What is the organisation structure of the municipal corporation?
A.

• The head of the municipal corporation is the Mayor of Mumbai. The mayor is the first citizen of the city but the role of the mayor is merely titular. 
• After the Mayor comes the Sheriff (optional) followed by the Commissioner of Municipal corporation. The Sheriff is a distinguished citizen with a term of one year. Duties of the Sheriff are mainly ceremonial.
• The commissioner is in-charge of discharging the functions of the corporation. Under the commissioner are the Assistant Municipal Commissioners (one per ward) followed by an array officers.

Below image shows the organisation structure within a ward. Image sourced from karmayog.com

P.S. Arthur Crawford was the first municipal commissioner of Mumbai.


Q. What are wards / divisions?
A. The city and suburb are divided in to smaller units for better governance called wards and within a ward are further sub-wards called divisions. Currently there are 24 wards and 227 divisions. There are 227 corporators / councilors who are responsible for overseeing that their constituencies have the basic civic infrastructure in place.

Below image shows the wards and divisions.

Q. How are the Mayor / Sheriff / Commissioner / Councilor elected?
A.

• The Mayor is elected form within the ranks of the council. The party that wins the maximum number of seats holds an internal voting to decide the mayor. 
• The Sheriff is an officer of the High Court and the nominal Head of the High Court Department which carries out the orders. The post of Sheriff is apolitical. 
• The Commissioner is a IAS cadre officer appointed by the Maharashtra state government.
• The Councilors (Corporators) are democratically elected representatives.

The date for Mumbai Municipal elections (for next term from 2017-2022) is 21-Feb-2017. The results of the same will be declared on 23-Feb-2017.

I appeal to all fellow citizens to go and vote.

I am also crowd sourcing content for my next blog. Please write to me on issues plaguing your ward/locality. I will try and make sure your concerns reach the intended representation.

Let's make Mumbai great again.

Let's also hope that POTUS doesn't have copyrights on the above tagline. :P